Kinetic Aspects of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Formation in the Presence of Fructose as a Green Catalyst: a Mechanistic Investigation

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O.Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between benzaldehyde 1, malononitrile 2 and dimedone 3 in a mixture of ethanol and water as solvents in the presence of fructose as a biodegradable catalyst has been studied by the spectroscopic method (UV-Vis spectrophotometry method). The influence of various parameters (temperature, solvent and concentration) was studied on the reaction by means of the pseudo-first order kinetic model. Based on the experimental data, the overall order of the formation reaction of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran  followed the second-order kinetics and under pseudo-order conditions the partial orders with respect to 1, 2 and 3 were one, one and zero, respectively. Kinetic values (k and Ea), associated with the activation parameters (ΔH‡, ΔS‡ and ΔG‡) of the reaction were calculated using the Eyring equation from variable temperature in kinetic studies. The initial step of the presented mechanism was determined as a rate-determining step (k1) and t was confirmed using the steady state approximation.

Graphical Abstract

Kinetic Aspects of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Formation in the Presence of Fructose as a Green Catalyst: a Mechanistic Investigation

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Physical Chemistry Research
Volume 4, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2016
Pages 379-390

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 January 2016
  • Revise Date: 15 April 2016
  • Accept Date: 22 April 2016

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