Solubility and Thermodynamics of Clonazepam in (1-Propanol/2-Propanol) and Water Binary Solvent Mixtures at (293.15 to 313.15) K

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

1 Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3 Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 14490, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

10.22036/pcr.2023.407678.2380

Abstract

In this study, the solubility of clonazepam (CZP) in binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol + water) and (2-propanol + water) at five different temperatures was investigated. The solubility of CZP was assessed using the shake-flask technique, while the concentrations of CZP in the solutions were measured utilizing a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The obtained solubility data were analyzed using the main mathematical models available in this context. The experimental data obtained for CZP dissolution encompassed various thermodynamic properties, including ΔG°, ΔH°, TΔS°, and ΔS°. These properties offer valuable insights into the energetic aspects of the dissolution process. The results revealed that the solubility of CZP in both binary solvent mixtures increased with increasing alcohol concentration and temperature. The mathematical models provided accurate predictions of the solubility of CZP in these binary solvent systems (MRDs% were less than 14.3). Based on the thermodynamic analysis, it was determined that the dissolution of CZP in the examined mixtures is endothermic. Furthermore, the inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals revealed the presence of preferential hydration of CZP in mixtures that were rich in water as well as those rich in cosolvent.

Graphical Abstract

Solubility and Thermodynamics of Clonazepam in (1-Propanol/2-Propanol) and Water Binary Solvent Mixtures at (293.15 to 313.15) K

Keywords

Main Subjects

Physical Chemistry Research
Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 43
September 2024
Pages 549-565

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 July 2023
  • Revise Date: 06 November 2023
  • Accept Date: 12 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics